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Oracle 最常用功能函数经典汇总 (zz)

 
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来源:ChinaITLab 收集整理
2004-6-14 10:58:00

  * SQL Group Function
*
s (num can be a column or ex

pression)          


  (null values are ign
*
ored, default between distin

ct and all is all)      


  ********************
***************
****************************

****************


  AVG([distinct or all] num)   
-- average value

  COUNT(distinct or all] num)  
-- number of values

  MAX([distinct or all
] num)   -- maximum value


  MAX([distinct or all] num)   
-- minimum value

  STDDEV([distinct or
all] num)  -- standard devi
ation

  SUM([distinct or all
] num)   -- sum of values


  VARIANCE([distinct o
r all] num) -- variance of v
alues

   
  ********************************
***********************
************************


  * Miscellaneaous Functions :  
*
                       


  ********************
***************
****************************

****************


  DECODE(expr, srch1,
return1 [,srch2, return2...]
, default]

      -- if no search matches t
he expression then the default is returned,

      -- otherwise,
the first search that match
es will cause

      -- the corres
ponding return value to be r
eturned

  DUMP(column_name [,fmt [,start_p
os [, length]]])

     -- returns an
column
internal oracle format, used

for getting info about a


     -- format options : 8 = oc
tal, 10 = decimel, 16 = hex, 17 = characters

     -- return type
codes : 1 = varchar2, 2 = n
umber, 8 = long, 12 = date,

     --  23 = raw,
24 = long raw, 69 = rowid,
96 = char, 106 = mlslabel

  GREATEST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]]
     -- returns the largest val
ue of all expressions

  LEAST(expr [,expr2 [, expr3...]]
     -- returns the
smallest value of all expre
ssions

  NVL(expr1 ,expr2
     -- if expr1 is not null, i
t is returned, otherwise expr2 is returned

  SQLCODE
     -- returns sql error code
query,
of last error. Can not be used directly in


     -- value must
be set to local variable fir
st

  SQLERRM
     -- returns sql
in query,
error message of last error

. Can not be used directly


     -- value must be set to lo
cal variable first

  UID
     -- returns the user id of
the user you are logged on as

     -- useful in s
electing information from lo
w level sys tables

  USER
     -- returns the
user name of the user you a
re logged on as

  USERENV('option')
     -- returns inf
ormation about the user you
are logged on as

     -- options : E
NTRYID, SESSIONID, TERMINAL,
LANGUAGE, LABEL, OSDBA

     --      (
all options not available in
all Oracle versions)

  VSIZE(expr)
     -- returns the number of b
ytes used by the expression

     -- useful in s
electing information about t
able space requirements

   
  ********************
***************
****************************

****************


  * SQL Date Functions (dt represe
*
nts oracle date and time)          


  * (functions return
*
an oracle date unless otherw

ise specified)        


  ********************************
***********************
************************


  ADD_MONTHS(dt, num)
   -- adds num months to
dt (num can be negative)

  LAST_DAY(dt)    
   -- last day of month in
month containing dt

  MONTHS_BETWEEN(dt1, dt2) -- retu
dt2
rns fractional value of months between dt1,


  NEW_TIME(dt, tz1, tz
zone 2
2)  -- dt = date in time zo

ne 1, returns date in time


  NEXT_DAY(dt, str)    -- date
etc..)
of first (str) after dt (str = 'Monday',


  SYSDATE         -- present system date
  ROUND(dt [,fmt]     -- roun
ds dt as specified by format fmt

  TRUNC(dt [,fmt]  
   -- truncates dt as spe
cified by format fmt

   
  ********************************
***********************
************************


  * Number Functions :      
*
                       


  ********************************
***********************
************************


  ABS(num)       -- absolute
value of num

  CEIL(num)      -- smallest integer > or = num

  COS(num)       -- cosine(n
um), num in radians

  COSH(num)     
 -- hyperbolic cosine(num)


  EXP(num)      
-- e raised to the num powe
r

  FLOOR(num)      -- largest
integer < or = num

  LN(num)       -- natural
logarithm of num

  LOG(num2, num1)   -- logarith
m base num2 of num1

  MOD(num2, num1)   -- remainde
r of num2 / num1

  POWER(num2, num1) 
 -- num2 raised to the num1
power

  ROUND(num1 [,num2]  -- num1 rou
nded to num2 decimel places (default 0)

  SIGN(num)      -- sign of
num * 1, 0 if num = 0

  SIN(num)      
-- sin(num), num in radians


  SINH(num)      -- hyperbolic sine(num)
  SQRT(num)      -- square root of num
  TAN(num)       -- tangent(
num), num in radians

  TANH(num)     
 -- hyperbolic tangent(num)


  TRUNC(num1 [,num2]  -- truncate
num1 to num2 decimel places (default 0)

   
  ********************************
***********************
************************


  * String Functions,
*
String Result :      

               


  ********************************
***********************
************************


  (num)          -- ASCII
character for num

  CHR(num)      
  -- ASCII character for n
um

  CONCAT(str1, str2)   -- str1
concatenated with str2 (same as str1||str2)

  INITCAP(str)    
  -- capitalize first lett
er of each word in str

  LOWER(str)       -- str w
ith all letters in lowercase

  LPAD(str1, num [,str2]) -- left
spaces)
pad str1 to length num with str2 (default


  LTRIM(str [,set]) 
   -- remove set from left
side of str (default spaces)

  NLS_INITCAP(str [,nl
s_val]) -- same as initcap f
or different languages

  NLS_LOWER(str [,nls_
val])  -- same as lower for
different languages

  REPLACE(str1, str2 [,str3]) -- r
eplaces str2 with str3 in str1

                 --
deletes str2 from str1 if str3 is omitted

  RPAD(str1, num [,str
(default spaces)
2])   -- right pad str1 to

length num with str2


  RTRIM(str [,set]) 
spaces)
     -- remove set from

right side of str (default


  SOUNDEX(str)    
    -- phonetic represen
tation of str

  SUBSTR(str, num2 [,n
um1])  -- substring of str,
starting with num2,

                 --
omitted)
num1 characters (to end of str if num1 is


  SUBSTRB(str, num2 [,
bytes
num1]) -- same as substr bu

t num1, num2 expressed in


  TRANSLATE(str, set1,
set2) -- replaces set1 in
str with set2

                 --
truncated
if set2 is longer than set1, it will be


  UPPER(str)     
    -- str with all lett
ers in uppercase

   
  ********************
***************
****************************

****************


  * String Functions,
*
Numeric Result :      

               


  ********************************
***********************
************************


   
  ASCII(str)           
 -- ASCII value of str

  INSTR(str1, str2 [,num1 [,num2]]
) -- position of num2th occurrence of

                  
  -- str2 in str1, starting at num1

                  
  -- (num1, num2 default to 1)

  INSTRB(str1, str2 [,num1 [num2]]

) -- same as instr, byte values for num1, num2


  LENGTH(str)    
        -- number of
characters in str

  LENGTHB(str)          
 -- number of bytes in str

  NLSSORT(str [,nls_val])    
  -- nls_val byte value of str

   
  ********************************
***********************
************************


  * SQL Conversion Functions   
*
                       


  ********************************
***********************
************************


  CHARTOROWID(str)        
  -- converts str to ROWID

  CONVERT(str, chr_set2 [,chr_set1
]) -- converts str to chr_set2

            
character set
        -- chr_set1

default is the datbase


  HEXTORAW(str)   
  -- converts hex string va
lue to internal raw values

  RAWTOHEX(raw_val)   -- convert
s raw hex value to hex string value

  ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid) 
 -- converts rowid to 18 ch
aracter string format

  TO_CHAR(expr [,fmt])
fmt
 -- converts expr(date or n

umber) to format specified by


  TO_DATE(str [,fmt])
  -- converts string to dat
e

  TO_MULTI_BYTE(str)  -- convert
s single byte string to multi byte string

  TO_NUMBER(str [,fmt]) -- convert
s str to a number formatted by fmt

  TO_SINGLE_BYTE(str)
  -- converts multi byte st
ring to single byte string

   
  ********************************
***********************
************************


  * SQL Date Formats 
*
              

               


  ********************
***************
****************************

****************


   
  BC, B.C.    BC indicator
  AD, A.D.    AD indicator
  CC, SCC     Cent
ury Code (SCC includes space
or - sign)

  YYYY, SYYYY   4 digit year (SY
YYY includes space or - sign)

  IYYY      4 digit ISO year
  Y,YYY      4 digit year with comma
  YYY, YY, or Y  last 3, 2, or 1
digit of year

  YEAR, SYEAR   year spelled out
(SYEAR includes space or - sign)

  RR       last 2 digits of
year in prior or next century

  Q        quarter or year, 1 to 4
  MM       month - from 01 to 12
  MONTH      month spelled out
  MON       month 3 letter abbreviation
  RM       roman numeral for month
  WW       week of year, 1 to 53
  IW       ISO week of year
, 1 to 52 or 1 to 53

  W        week of month, 1
to 5 (week 1 begins 1st day of the month)

  D        day of week, 1 to 7
  DD       day of month, 1 to 31
  DDD       day of year, 1 to 366
  DAY       day of week spel
led out, nine characters right padded

  DY       day abbreviation
  J        # of
days since Jan 1, 4712 BC


  HH, HH12    hour of day, 1 to 12
  HH24      hour of day, 0 to 23
  MI       minute of hour, 0 to 59
  SS       second of minute, 0 to 59
  SSSSS      seco
nds past midnight, 0 to 8639
9

  AM, A.M.    am indicator
  PM, P.M.    pm indicator
  any puctuation punc
tuation between format items
, as in 'DD/MM/YY'

  any text    text between format items
  TH       conv
erts 1 to '1st', 2 to '2nd',
and so on

  SP       converts 1 to 'o
ne', 2 to 'two', and so on

  SPTH      converts 1 to 'F
IRST', 2 to 'SECOND', and so on

  FX       fill
exact : uses exact pattern
matching

  FM       fill mode : tog
gles suppression of blanks in output

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